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History

Digital cameras are incorporated into many devices ranging from PDAs and mobile phones
(called camera phones) to vehicles. The Hubble Space Telescope and other astronomical devices
are essentially specialised digital cameras.

The first true digital camera that recorded images as a computerized file was likely the Fuji DS-1P
of 1988, which recorded to a 16 MB internal memory card that used a battery to keep the data in
memory. This camera was never marketed in the United States, and has not been confirmed to have
shipped even in Japan.
The first commercially available digital camera was the 1990 Dycam Model 1; it also sold as the
Logitech Fotoman. It used a CCD image sensor, stored pictures digitally, and connected directly
to a PC or Mac for download

In 1991, Kodak brought to market the Kodak DCS-100, the beginning of a long line of professional
SLR cameras by Kodak that were based in part on film bodies, often Nikons. It used a 1.3 megapixel
sensor and was priced at $13,000.
The move to digital formats was helped by the formation of the first JPEG and MPEG standards
in 1988, which allowed image and video files to be compressed for storage. The first consumer camera
with a liquid crystal display on the back was the Casio QV-10 in 1995, and the first camera to use
CompactFlash was the Kodak DC-25 in 1996.

The first
camera that offered the ability to record video clips may have been the Ricoh RDC-1 in 1995.
1999 saw the introduction of the Nikon D1, a 2.74 megapixel camera that was the first digital SLR
developed entirely by a major manufacturer, and at a cost of under $6,000 at introduction was
affordable by professional photographers and high end consumers. This camera also used Nikon
F-mount lenses, which meant film photographers could use many of the same lenses they already owned.
Also in 1999, Minolta introduced the RD-3000 D-SLR at 2.7 megapixels. This camera found man
professional adherents. Limitations to the system included the need to use Vectis lenses which were
designed for APS size film. The camera was sold with 5 lenses at various focal lengths and ranges
(zoom). Minolta did not produce another D-SLR until September 2004 when they introduced the
Alpha 7D (Alpha in Japan, Maxxum in North America, Dynax in the rest of the world) but using
the Minolta A-mount system from its 35 mm line of cameras.
2003 saw the introduction of the Canon EOS 300D, also known as the Digital Rebel, a 6 megapixel
camera and the first DSLR priced under $1,000, and marketed to consumers.

 

Compact cameras are designed to be small and portable; the smallest are described as subcompacts
or "ultra-compacts". Compact cameras are usually designed to be easy to use, sacrificing advanced
features and picture quality for compactness and simplicity; images can usually only be stored using
lossy compression (JPEG). Most have a built-in flash usually of low power, sufficient for nearby
subjects. Live preview is almost always used to frame the photo. They may have limited motion
picture capability. Compacts often have macro capability, but if they have zoom capability the
range is usually less than for bridge and DSLR cameras. They have a greater depth of field, allowing
objects within a large range of distances from the camera to be in sharp focus. They are particularly
suitable for casual and "snapshot" use. These cameras are a good use for family get-togethers, such as picnics.

Many compact digital still cameras can record sound and moving video as well as still photographs.
In the Western market, digital cameras outsell their 35 mm film counterparts
Digital cameras can do things film cameras cannot: displaying images on a screen immediately
after they are recorded, storing thousands of images on a single small memory device, recording
video with sound, and deleting images to free storage space.

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